Hundreds of thousands of low-quality patents had been approved under the permissive rules the Federal Circuit had developed during the 1990s.

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Sidak points to what he considers to be significant differences between satellite radio and other media, including the more permissive content rules the FCC allows for satellite radio.

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Rarely did a summer pass without a teachers' strike or threat of a walkout, invariably followed by a surrender by the city, resulting in higher wages or more permissive work rules.

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