But the current insider trading enforcement mechanism seems to work pretty well at keeping its perceived costs down to a minimum in the minds of investors.
FORBES: Does Rajaratnam Conviction Level The Investment Playing Field?
But, as Evan Davis and I discussed on the Today programme today (see right), the hardline rhetoric we have been hearing this week is surely a reflection of the fact that the perceived costs of a Greek disaster are not as high as they were in 2010.
Barclays' defence is that it was dreadfully unfair that its perceived borrowing costs were higher than other banks.
Heavy fixed costs, including vehicle duties, insurance and depreciation, merely encourage drivers to use their cars more because the perceived marginal costs of motoring are so small.
Higher costs and perceived lower quality has buyers turning away from BYD, which stands for Build Your Dreams.
FORBES: Significant Layoffs Coming At Buffett's China Auto Co BYD
Blu-ray will be perceived as better because it costs more, we all know this.
All of which is a long-winded way of explaining why the borrowing costs of the government perceived to be most financially over-stretched, Spain, have soared today to record levels - in that the dispute over whether to go for a banking union shows that the eurozone is as far as ever it was from a fundamental solution to its woes.
Traditional cable service is based on charging based on the perceived value of content HBO costs a lot more than C-SPAN even though they may consume identical amounts of bandwidth.
But it would behoove PhRMA to look at those costs with the view to how they would be perceived.
This followed the sharp increase in funding costs of Spain and Italy due to Greek worries and perceived contagion risks.
And creating a simpler welfare system would also be a progressive move, he said, downplaying the perceived rift with Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith over the high costs of implementing such a reform.
BBC: News - Today - Osborne: Fiscal responsibility 'is fundamentally progressive'
EIU's index measures the relative costs of doing business in 27 economies by compiling statistics relating to wages, costs for expatriate staff, air travel and subsistence, corporation taxes, perceived corruption levels, office and industrial rents, and road transport.
Thus, while there are indeed costs associated with the consumption of alcohol we must also put against those the benefits perceived by those doing the consuming.
FORBES: The Alcohol Prohibitionists Really Do Need To Learn Their Economics
So gilt prices rise, and the implied borrowing costs for the government fall, when the risks of putting money into companies are perceived to be too great.
Much of the criticism until now has focused on the perceived leniency of the Renault team's punishment of a two-year suspended ban plus paying the costs of the investigation.
In other words, the perceived benefits of the increased fiscal and monetary stimulus measures likely can be outweighed by their potential long-term costs.
They want to know whether the perceived threat from rogue missiles is real, whether the proposed shield would work and what the economic and diplomatic costs will be.
应用推荐