Meanwhile, Austrian theory focuses on the way changes of interest rates change the pattern of investment in capital goods.

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The government alleges a criminal enterprise engaged in an extensive pattern of racketeering activities, consisting of investment fraud, mortgage fraud, bank fraud, money laundering, and distribution of illegal drugs.

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That outperformance has been documented and verified by numerous academic studies, and the performance of investment strategies based on the pattern.

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If the past pattern holds good, by the summer of next year investment may be falling at an annual rate of more than 10%.

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Gold may be a good hedge in times of uncertainty, but its rapid rise--and the talk about how it's a can't-lose investment--shows a striking similarity to the pattern of previous bubbles, like that in housing a mere three years ago.

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The investment bill could rise yet more because of a change in the pattern of trade: in 2014 the Panama Canal opens a second lane, doubling its capacity and allowing it to carry bigger container vessels and bulk ships.

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Plants are small, reflecting the scattered pattern of farms, and their condition is deteriorating, because the state cannot muster the necessary investment.

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But as one entrepreneur after another stood in front of the crowd making their case, a familiar pattern emerged, one that I recognize from regularly listening to investment pitches by New York based companies.

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