Then we looked for any spikes, any differences, in the expression pattern from one gene to another.

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Fewer French people have an apo E-4 gene, but the pattern is the same.

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For instance, in the past several years, scientists have come to understand that a particular gene signature--a pattern of genes that are turned on and off--can be a powerful contributor to the disease Lupus, which causes swollen joints, fevers and rashes.

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Each one attaches itself to only one predetermined mini-satellite region, or locus, and produces a much simpler pattern of just two bands, corresponding to one gene inherited from the subject's mother, and one from the father.

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This methylation pattern played as great a role in determining a mouse's coat colour as did the underlying gene sequence.

ECONOMIST: Genes are not all there is to heredity