Recently, for example, they were instrumental in the passage of legislation that mandates five percent federal contracting set asides for women-owned businesses.
Congress finally acknowledged defeat in 1862 with the passage of the Homestead Act, which gave settlers free federal land if they cultivated it for five years.
Shackled and crammed into the ships' holds in the most grotesque and insanitary conditions, the slaves would then have to endure the so-called "Middle Passage" across the Atlantic between Africa and the Americas, a journey that could last anything from five weeks to three months.