The report states that city centre car parks could be gradually replaced with "more valuable" uses such as housing and civic spaces, as demand for parking space decreases.

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She argued the loss of an estimated 91 parking spaces - plus increased demand for spaces from police staff - would affect businesses in the area.

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The demand for space in cities is largely a product of regulations that demand valuable land be wasted on parking, limit mixed-use zoning and restrict the height of buildings.

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Mr Smith said rogue operators would also demand payment for "minor and accidental infractions" such as parking just outside a designated bay.

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Hiring on-demand chauffeurs in Beijing also became more popular in April when parking charges were doubled to 10 yuan per hour as part of measures to curb traffic in the central city.

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No slack demand there, the factory is cranking away so relentlessly that the Lorax has taken up residence in the parking lot.

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