Indonesian Foreign Ministry spokesman Teuko Faizasyah said the government had made significant concessions to Papuans.
And adding to other injuries, the Papuans have endured racist treatment by the country's Javanese majority.
The cyclists, calves bulging as they labour, are native Papuans and know the way.
All this has left most Papuans at best distrustful of Jakarta and more often wanting to secede from Indonesia.
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The mainly Muslim settlers and mostly Christian Papuans do not always get along.
As Papuans prepare to celebrate a four-decades-old declaration of independence on December 1st, such violence could spin out of control.
It is the boundary between Asia and Melanesia -- the Papuans are Melanesians, they have nothing in common with the Javanese.
The next day, a large group of Papuans retaliated, attacking police and troops and pursuing them into a village of non-Papuan settlers.
The report details how Jakarta rejected a proposal from the Papuan People's Council requiring all candidates in district elections to be indigenous Papuans.
This move incensed the Papuans, who say an influx of migrants from other Indonesian islands is threatening to overrun the local population, the report said.
Native Papuans sit in the dirt to hawk vegetables and fruit.
But many Papuans believe that special autonomy is useless and that it has failed to raise their standard of living, says BBC Indonesia correspondent Karishma Vaswani.
"As Papuans point out, if national law trumps local law every time, it raises the question of how much devolution the central government is really willing to countenance, " the report said.
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