For scandium just is the best thing to make solid oxide fuel cells out of.
But solid-oxide fuel cells are hardier and offer far more punch because they can use denser hydrocarbons as fuel.
Another is to use powerful solar cells to collect sunlight in conjunction with an efficient solid oxide fuel cell.
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That's when the MIT duo decided to miniaturize a solid-oxide fuel cell instead.
It recently confirmed it had resumed the conversion of medium enriched uranium into oxide fuel to slow down growth of its stockpile.
The advantage of solid oxide fuel cells running so hot is that all that waste heat can potentially be put to good use.
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The MOX facility will blend surplus weapon-grade plutonium with depleted uranium oxide to make mixed oxide fuel for use in existing nuclear power plants.
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Lilliputian's engineering miracle was in designing a tiny solid-oxide fuel cell that instead of melting everything in its vicinity is merely warm to the touch.
On the contrary, start-up companies like Westwood, MA-based Acumentrics are similarly pursuing a solid-oxide fuel cell technology tailored to the needs of the military.
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Solid oxide fuel cells have notoriously faced challenges with durability, since they operate at very high temperatures, which the Bloom box will also have to overcome to prove profitable.
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Both Apple and Google have one in North Carolina, both of them are using or thinking of using solid oxide fuel cells to at least partially power them.
When co-generating heat and electricity, solid oxide fuel cells can reach combined efficiencies upwards of 85%, which is excellent, but no word yet whether or not the Bloom fuel cell will co-generate heat.
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The gas is then fed into a stack of solid oxide fuel cells, where a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen occurs, producing electricity, water vapor and a tiny amount of carbon dioxide.
The technology is based on highly efficient solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) wafer fabrication methods, including key nanotechnology elements, and is fueled by recyclable high energy power cartridges, or pods.
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The Tennessee Valley Authority (nyse: TVC - news - people ), a big Chattanooga employer, is taking the output from the 5-kilowatt solid oxide fuel cell that the center is experimenting with.
Bethesda, Maryland, is developing solid oxide fuel cell generators that will replace reliance on traditional battlefield power solutions and potentially reduce the fuel required for tactical generation of electric power by half or more.
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Frankly, I believe that solid oxide fuel cells are the better technology in the long run, but Fuel Cell Energy owns 43% of the shares of VERSA Power that also makes solid oxide fuel cells.
British Nuclear Fuels says it has found that another batch of Mox (mixed oxide) fuel is of suspect quality.
When, in 1992, France (which also reprocesses commercially) returned to Japan the plutonium oxide extracted from reprocessed Japanese fuel, there was uproar.
As fuel it uses liquid nitrous oxide and solid polythene plastic.
The fuel in No. 3 is a blend of plutonium and reprocessed uranium, referred to as MOX (for mixed oxide) and manufactured by the French nuclear company AREVA. MOX fuel rods are also less stable than plutonium-free rods.
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There are two dominant flavors of fuel cell: proton-exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide.
Those estimates are based on full fuel-cycles, combine all steps in the use of a fuel from production to consumption, and include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, the three major greenhouse gases emitted by motor vehicles.
The engine would use at least 25% less fuel and, he claims, its emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide would be cut by three-quarters because of its unique ignition properties.
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