Meanwhile, in order for Donna to answer a simple status update question from the sales rep, she has to log into an order-processing system, a legacy ERP and a delivery-tracking portal.

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The other half worked on the back end, crunching computer code to build systems for order-processing, distribution and inventory flow and to integrate a new Web site tracking system with the existing ones.

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He was an early and enthusiastic adapter of Compstat, a crime-tracking system implemented in 1994 that uses computer analysis to identify problem areas in order to deploy officers and make tactical adjustments to drive down crime.

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