Gallium nitride, or GaN, converts electrical impulses to light and is grown on the surface of wafers made from sapphire or silicon carbide.
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Though the bodies are fit, they are natural rather than voluptuous or silicon-implanted, as though Pirelli were backing away for a moment from too much upholstery.
Under current manufacturing techniques, manufacturers take their sapphire or silicon carbide wafer and chop, or cut it into individual chips, which get tested and packaged.
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Russell and Xu's method starts with a sliced crystal, either sapphire or silicon, cut at an angle that exposes a ragged section of the crystal's lattice structure.
At the heart of the technology is a micro-array consisting of thousands of microscopic spots of different sections of DNA deposited on a glass or silicon surface.
The 2% fee brings in enough to keep a Manhattan or Silicon Valley private equity firm in the high-rent district and its partners in Zegna suits and Mercedes-Benz 600s.
This is particularly attractive both to middle-aged couples with children who can afford a spacious suburban home that are far less expensive than their equivalents in Los Angeles, Westchester or Silicon Valley.
It is not ordinary citizens but rich tycoons from Hollywood or Silicon Valley, or special interests such as unions for prison guards, teachers or nurses, that bankroll most initiatives onto the ballots.
The material is an organic photovoltaic semiconductor (called rr-P3HT) which, unlike the metal or silicon-based materials used until now for such biotechnological interfaces, is soft, light, flexible and highly biocompatible and naturally sensitive to visible light.
These types of companies, such as Enernoc, Comverge or Silicon Energy, have been around for a long time, but advances in the Internet space have created a new foundation that extends to the energy arena.
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The 36-year-old professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the intellectual ringleader of a cadre of "synthetic biologists" who are building useful devices out of genetic material, much as bits of mortar or silicon are used to erect complex objects.
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Or maybe Silicon Valley will learn the hard way that no regional economy has the birthright to lead the next wave of innovation.
For any given good, be it a metal lathe or a silicon-wafer saw, most potential buyers will not have access to a physical auction.
Indeed, running a big American firm or a Silicon Valley start-up is now riskier than being grand vizier in the court of the Ottoman sultan.
Nomad is less like a digital version of Conde Nast or Hearst than a Silicon Valley start-up incubator or an independent film studio.
This brings us back to our original question: Is it possible to replicate or compete with Silicon Valley?
Quentin Hardy will be draped over a chair text messaging , or else sharing Silicon Valley gossip with Victoria.
If the procedure works, a doctor may recommend inserting silicon or Gore-Tex implants to fatten the cords permanently.
If crystalline silicon or other thin-film technologies compete with cadmium telluride on costs, buyers might opt to avoid First Solar's toxicity.
Other countries, including South Korea and Singapore, have technology accelerators or incubators in Silicon Valley and have had them for far longer.
The panels are various new thin-film technologies that Chevron thinks could cost less than current thin film technologies or traditional crystalline silicon solar cells.
If Dr Lipton is correct, the race has now begun to see whether the first artificial scientist to win a Nobel prize is based on silicon or biological material.
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They did this by putting pieces of silicon or one of a number of other solid materials inside a shoe-box-sized cavity and zapping the material with microwaves from a metal tip.
The campus has its jocks, stoners, and poets, but what it is famous for are budding entrepreneurs, engineers, and computer aces hoping to make their fortune in one crevasse or another of Silicon Valley.
Suntech Power is currently pursuing thin film technology, a low cost PV technology that involves depositing several thin layers of silicon or more complex materials on a substrate such as glass to make a PV cell.
Much work is left to get the proteins producing the kind of silicon or titanium dioxides that could run a computer or power your house, but the dream is to have synthetic creations that organically produce what would normally need a mining expedition -- imagine something akin to the glass-like Venus' Flower Basket sponge (pictured above) sitting in an Intel factory.
One is to either make such silicon more efficient in use or to economise on the amount of silicon used.
If a normal number is 50 or more, then Silicon Valley won't have to change much.
Five years ago, the major VC firms were all bases in Silicon Valley or Boston.
Indirectly, Google proved there's no monopoly on brains in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street.
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