The real ones improved patients' lung function by 20%, compared with 7% for the alternatives: a dummy inhaler or acupuncture.
If an employer has a health plan, the law will say, it has to cover two-day maternity stays, or acupuncture, or psychotherapy or whatever the lobbyists want.
My favorite illustration of this is a study written up by Harvard placebo researcher Ted Kaptchuk and colleagues in 2008 in the British Medical Journal. 262 patients with severe irritable bowel syndrome were randomly assigned to either be on a waiting list, to get fake acupuncture, or to get fake acupuncture accompanied by lots of warm talk.
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But the study's authors, Professor Edzard Ernst and Dr Max Pittler from the University of Exeter warned that more research needs to be done to establish whether acupuncture or conventional pain relief methods were more effective.
Which of the many acupuncture traditions or approaches is most effective or appropriate for a given clinical indication?
These women found help through their religious faith, herbs, acupuncture, or becoming involved in groups that help other Asian women.
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What outcomes or process measures should we be assessing in clinical trials of acupuncture?
What acupuncture and other therapies may actually do is to help erase or undo some of these biases so that the sensation, while it might not disappear, is less intrusive and has less of an effect on daily activities.
Acupuncture and moxibustion are taught through verbal instruction and demonstration, transmitted through master-disciple relations or through members of a clan.
Is the magnitude of effect, if any, associated with acupuncture for a given clinical indication 'worth it' from the perspective of patients, payers, or policymakers?
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