Microsoft is hated chiefly because it represents the opposite model, proprietary software, and because its operating system, Windows, is the main rival to Linux, the best-known open-source software today.

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The production cycle he sees is the opposite of the theoretical model of continuous improvement.

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The Tesla Model S and a Porsche 911 represent opposite poles of the automotive universe.

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In Dr Boyd's model (as in the real world), these two pressures tended to work in opposite directions.

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