Swire's operations span a number of different industries, from aviation to beverages to trading.
The CWC will impose undue costs on a large universe of American industries that produce or even simply utilize chemicals in the course of their business operations.
Low-value-added manufacturing that tends to be more labor intensive are the most likely industries to shift some of their operations outside of the established manufacturing zones within China or move their operations to another country, although that usually entails having to contend with a lack of developed infrastructure and a smaller, less skilled workforce.
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Included are regulations on power plants, refineries, mining operations, cement plants, chemical manufacturers, and a host of other industries.
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Wipro already has set up operations in China, which has one of the world's largest software industries.
The heavyweights--oil and gas producers, and the coal and nuclear industries--got lots of time to build their operations and claim their credits.
Companies in a range of industries, from consumer electronics to steelmakers, have suspended operations at their plants, but they have disclosed little about what they are finding.
Telecom industry officials said the complexity of their operations means their networks can't simply adopt guidelines designed for all industries.
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"It will take at least two years for the mines to start operations, " said Basant Poddar, vice-president of the Federation of Indian Mineral Industries, India's largest mineral trade body.
Koch tends to invest in industries that convert raw materials into higher-value products, with complicated operations that require a lot of engineering talent and constant innovation in production methods.
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