B2B exchanges operated by industry consortia, such as Covisint, which trades supplies for car makers.

ECONOMIST: If you think B2B marketplaces are dead, read on

That's because Portland has long operated under what the industry terms a "pay as you throw" plan, charging consumers by volume of waste placed at curbside.

WSJ: Portland Creates Buzz by Cutting Garbage Pickups

"The garment industry has operated for more than 10 years in Cambodia, so the buildings are getting old, " increasing the need for tighter inspections, said Kong Athit, secretary general of the Cambodian Labor Confederation, which represents garment workers, including some at Top World.

WSJ: Another Cambodian Garment Factory Has Accident

The chemicals industry has historically operated under high levels of market competition and regulatory scrutiny with the result that chemicals companies typically have for many years maintained a sharp focus on operational risk.

FORBES: Risk Analytics: Insights for Chemicals Companies

Hitherto NSG rules barred nuclear commerce with any country that had not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or had not put all its nuclear industry under safeguards operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN's nuclear guardian.

ECONOMIST: Mourning an exemption that may defeat the rules

American industry as a whole operated at 82.4% of full capacity, 1.4 percentage points above its long-run average.

ECONOMIST: Overview

This article operates with several untenable premises, one being that the business aviation industry and lobby have operated effectively for several decades.

FORBES: A Fumbled Recovery In The Air Capital Of The World

The furniture industry is highly fragmented and has operated the same way for more than fifty years.

FORBES: How To Save On Office Space For Your Small Business

Last year, the FCC proposed that the industry explore wireless networks that can be operated from blimps and unmanned aircraft in a disaster.

WSJ: Outages Expose Wireless Carriers' Backup Plans