Many new online journals are attempting to do this, using electronic publication to cut their costs.

ECONOMIST: Scientific publishing

Over the past decade many online journals and article repositories have emerged that are run on a shoestring.

ECONOMIST: Academic publishing

But the list also reflects challenges faced by many industries: How can online journals and newspapers effectively increase their traffic given the stiff competition from other sources?

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They say that the publishers are too mean to open the online versions of their journals and their archives to non-subscribers, denying scientists an even wider audience.

ECONOMIST: Publishing

That long tail includes about a hundred databases of specialized information that the search engine is now working on indexing, such as the Security and Exchange Commission's online filings and the online collection of medical journals known as PubMed.

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Using his published journals, the online editor, a fellow lover of Thoreau, posts his entry corresponding to the same day a century and a half ago.

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Although the society's researchers will still be able to publish in journals, their work must eventually be put into an online repository.

ECONOMIST: Scientific publishing