The national oil companies -- the so-called New Titans that account for 90 percent of global oil reserves and more than one-third of output -- are equally flush.
In contrast, if the tax rate is reduced from 50% to 25%, what producers are allowed to keep from their production increases from one-half to three-fourths, increasing the reward for production and output by one-half.
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In contrast with Shell--Nigerian civil unrest has disrupted one-quarter of its output for the past 18 months--Addax has had no outages, but several contractors have been taken hostage, and last February one was killed trying to escape.
Under the new agreement, Alrosa has agreed to sell De Beers at least one-third of its output of raw diamonds for the next three years.
But as manufacturing accounts for only about one-fifth of total output, the effect is to create the false impression that the whole economy is slowing down.
That's the equivalent of subtracting one-fifth to one-sixth of a work day from overall output.
According to Gold Fields Mineral Services, a consultancy, official sales rose last year to 412 tonnes, equivalent to one-sixth of new mine output.
If that rate is increased to 50%, the producer keeps only half of what he produces, reducing his reward for production and output by one-third.
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Greece is struggling to raise funds, but so is California, which accounts for a far bigger share of America's output (one-eighth) than Greece does of the euro zone's (a bit more than one-fortieth).
Those states consume about one-third of Gazprom's output, but provide over 70% of its revenue.
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Still, after she noticed one home-based employee's output lagging for several months, the program enabled her to see that the employee was spending a lot of time writing Word documents, something not required for her job.
In contrast, if the tax rate is reduced from 50% to 25%, what producers are allowed to keep from their production increases from one-half to three-fourths, increasing the reward for production and output by one half.
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But applying the same logic to Japan, where growth has averaged only 0.7% a year over the past seven years, compared with a previous trend rate of 3-4%, one could argue that Japan's output has already fallen by as much as 15-20% relative to its previous trend.
But they were written by Britain's Central Policy Review staff about the sorry state of the U.K. auto industry in 1975, when output had fallen by one-quarter in a decade.
Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India's output, with only one-third of its labor force.
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Weak demand from consumers, whose spending accounts for two-thirds of output, is one of the strongest headwinds facing the economy.
However, the movement stopped short of agreeing to participate in peace talks being organised by the government, and thus there was scepticism about the likely impact on the conflict, which arguably poses the biggest political challenge to the federal government, and which has resulted in the loss of about one-fifth of the country's oil output since early 2006.
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But to boost output and income, a tax cut must be the right type -- one that cuts taxes "at the margin" on the additional income associated with additional output (supply).
The plant's output by itself would satisfy nearly one-half of current U.S. demand.
The result is a disproportionately large public sector that provides one in three jobs and two-thirds of economic output.
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The Shell Petroleum Development Co is the largest oil and gas company in Nigeria - Africa's top energy producer - with an output of more than one million barrels of oil or equivalent per day.
Among the current and near-future products were several video-capable cellphones, along with one that can wirelessly output stills to a printer.
It reckons that over the next 15 years most of the top ten cities will display below-average growth in population and output (one exception will be Rio de Janeiro, boosted by investment in offshore oil as well as the Olympic games of 2016).
The output in Q3 was held back by several one-time events including upstream asset divestments and operational downtime.
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If so, output will in total have fallen by almost one-third relative to productive potential (as measured by the economy's trend growth rate of 7%).
The Forecast Model builds upon the output of the Stock Valuation Model and combines this data with econometric and simulation techniques to output target prices for one, three, and six-month and one, two, and three-year time horizons.
Think of it this way: if we took one-thousandth of a second of footage from the femto camera video output and slowed it down to the speed of 30 seconds per frame -- the approximate speed of a standard TV broadcast -- it would take us a lifetime to watch.
Kling's newsroom was already one of the biggest in the state, and Kling started re-editing its output for use on commercial stations.
Fears that the third world will steal rich-world output and jobs are based on the old fallacy that an increase in one country's output must be at the expense of another's.
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