He led a race-high 142 laps and was the leader on the final restart but was passed by Edwards on the first lap of overtime.
Vettel had briefly taken second from the Englishman on the first lap, only for Hamilton to pass him back around the outside of Turn Three.
His race came unstuck when he lost ground by running wide on the first lap before falling to the back of the field because of a gearbox problem.
Hamilton saw the title slip through his fingers at Interlagos last season when he ran off the road trying to pass his then McLaren team-mate Fernando Alonso on the first lap.
Kimi Raikkonen rediscovered his mojo, leaping from fourth on the grid to first by the end of lap two, capitalizing on a spin from polesitter Hamilton on a damp track.
Viso, who started first, heading into Turn 1 on the opening lap to take his first lead since a race in Edmonton on July 24, 2011.
By the end of the first lap he was already two seconds up on the leading time and went on to clock a series of sub-30 seconds laps as he moved with grace and power across the ice.
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The incident, which occurred in the closing stages of the second part of qualifying, came on his first flying lap on his final set of tyres - when the rubber is at its fastest.
Starting on pole, Alonso protected his lead even after a pit stop on lap 16 but the hard tires on Lewis Hamilton's McLaren car set up a tussle for first place on lap 19.
The Australian dropped to eighth after his first pit stop on lap 19, but he was back in the lead by just after half race distance.
The race's first major incident came on lap 11 when Giancarlo Fisichella, who had been making steady progress up the field after being demoted to 13th, lost control of his Renault at Eau Rouge.
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Capirossi overtook Melandri on the final lap to give Ducati their first podium finish of the year.
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He did just that, leading the final 78 laps on the 312-lap race around PIR's odd-shaped oval in the first non-restrictor-plate race with NASCAR's new Gen-6 car.
Gibernau had lost out to Rossi in more dramatic fashion in the first race of the season at Jerez after their bikes came together on the final lap.
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First the Northwich ride crashed out on the opening lap of race one, before completing just six laps in race two before slipping out again to leave him in 25th spot overall.
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World champion Hamilton, 24, struggled with understeer on a crucial sector of a flying lap in the first session of qualifying, from which five drivers are knocked out, and ended up among the last five drivers on the grid for only the second time in his career.
But, crucially, Red Bull left Webber - who also slightly damaged his front wing when he touched with Hamilton at the first corner - as long as they could before bringing him in to serve the penalty on lap 14.
Barrichello, who started from pole, managed to avoid the chaos on lap one and was leading until his first pit stop on lap 21.
Bruno Junqueira qualified first for the Motorola 220 despite hitting the wall on his final lap at Road America in Wisconsin.
The interval saw Matthew Hayden, who announced his retirement from first-class cricket earlier in the day, embark on a lap of honour in front of a 50, 000 strong crowd at his home ground at the Gabba.
Mercedes' Nico Rosberg, who set the fastest time in first and second qualifying sessions, retired on lap 27 due to an electrical failure, while Sauber driver Nico Hulkenberg did not even start the race due to a fuel-system problem.
Adrian Archibald retired at the end of the first lap while Guy Martin and Ryan Farquhar ran out of fuel on lap two.
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Hamilton's main rival throughout the race was Raikkonen, but the McLaren built a four-second lead before they both made their first pit stops on lap 15.
It all seems very distant from those early years, when his first memories associated with radio are the nights he used to spend sitting on his grandmother's lap listening to her favourite news broadcast in Lima.
BBC: NEWS | Programmes | Crossing Continents | Javier Lizarzaburu: Biography
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