This hybrid position is epitomised by Labour's 1997 election pledge to be both 'tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime' (Parmar, 2000, 208).

BBC: Unit 4: Political issues

For ten years Labour talked up the importance of being tough on the causes of crime.

BBC: NEWS | UK | UK Politics | David Davis speech in full

Analysts say one of the many causes of the lack of progress on curbing crime is widespread poverty and income inequality.

BBC: RELATED BBC SITES

It does not mention a vast literature on the economic causes of criminality and how to structure legal incentives to reduce crime, a subject that has largely been ignored by politicians.

ECONOMIST: But don��t worry, economists are trying to make it smarter