Ma Bell is long gone, and so are most oligopolies with high barriers to entry.
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Oligopolies that generate fat profit margins and leave banks with little incentive to take risk actually suit regulators.
Yes, the commission has very tough powers over the abuse of monopoly positions: similarly over collusion to create oligopolies.
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Hospitals have local oligopolies or even monopolies, especially after a recent wave of consolidation, so price competition is rare.
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Without free trade, domestic companies may have enjoyed monopolies or oligopolies that enabled them to keep prices well above marginal costs.
Private oligopolies and state energy monopolies still survive in Mexico, for example.
Established players will have their leadership cemented resulting in reinforced oligopolies.
The state would also guarantee equal conditions in terms of radio and TV broadcasts and will prevent the formation of oligopolies and monopolies over the means of communications.
This is especially the case in large state oligopolies, where the government remains the largest stockholder, and management often lacks the skills, the incentives, and the freedom to adjust inputs and outputs to changing market conditions.
It is ironic that competition through innovation by oligopolists may be the main driving force of growth and higher living standards, since oligopolies are often seen as a threat to the public interest and as a target for antitrust action.
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