Today, operating through various foundations and front companies, the family is also believed to control one of Iran's biggest oil engineering companies, a plant assembling Daewoo automobiles, and Iran's best private airline (though the Rafsanjanis insist they do not own these assets).
Congress included a few favored ones you might not think of as manufacturing--mining, oil extraction and engineering.
Russia's oil and gas bosses, almost all of them educated in Soviet engineering and oil-drilling schools, resented foreigners.
Few have the background in oil and gas engineering to help Petrobras expand its operations in deep sea drilling off the Atlantic.
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America's export boom is likely to be led by firms that are already global in scale and by sectors in which America has a clear competitive advantage: sophisticated, knowledge-intensive capital goods like microprocessors, and high-end services like engineering, oil-production services and even (witness KPF) architecture.
The company offers deepwater and harsh environment drilling, oil and gas drilling management, and drilling engineering and project management services, as well as explores, develops, and produces oil and gas resources.
Fred Koch studied chemical engineering at MIT and worked for the Soviet Union after big oil companies drove his U.S. refinery-engineering firm to the brink of bankruptcy with patent litigation in the early 1930s.
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Clyde Blowers said the move was part of continuing investment in "mission-critical" engineering firms serving the oil and gas, power and mining sectors.
Stephen Ball, chief executive officer of Lockheed Martin UK, owner of UK Seabed Resources, says the engineering experience of offshore oil and gas operations and the trend to rising mineral prices have now combined to make seabed mining feasible.
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He was here to study engineering and work in the oil business, his father said.
Sectors that are showing job growth - engineering, aerospace and the oil and gas industries - require specialised skills, and these haven't seen a rise in the number of applications.
High frequency trading, oil and gas modeling, pharmaceutical research and engineering often make great demands on their computing environments.
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It will now work with carbon capture provider, Doosan Power Systems, Fluor, an engineering and construction company, and oil and gas firm Petrofac.
There is more hope for offshore wind, which is technically trickier, since North Sea oil has left a legacy of marine-engineering expertise in Britain.
After taking a degree in mechanical engineering, she wanted to work on oil rigs.
The contracts then envisage moving onto engineering work, designing and constructing new oil facilities, modernising and maintaining refineries and pipelines, and distributing fuel within Iraq.
At first Amgen tried using genetic engineering to create organisms that would extract oil from shale, man-made proteins that would make chickens grow faster and new specialty chemicals such as a cloned indigo, a substitute for the natural dye used to color blue jeans.
The group diversified into engineering contracts as well as projects in the oil and gas, marine and rail sectors under his tenure.
He pioneered the oil trade with Russia, bartering drill pipe, petrochemicals and engineering services to the Soviet Union in exchange for crude.
The department, in its recent environmental review of Keystone XL, determined that the engineering plan was sound, and noted that the oil sands will be developed with or without the pipeline.
There is engineering expertise, notably in Aberdeen, where the offshore oil industry has been installing complex machinery in rough seas for decades.
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The Aberdeen-based company will deliver engineering studies, design, technical and operations support to oil firm DNO for the Tawke field in Kurdistan.
Armed with a degree in chemical engineering, Fred invented a more efficient process for refining oil and built a prosperous company that Charles took over in the 1960s.
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Add to this the work of Matthew Simmons, who in his 2005 book, Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy, analyzed papers presented at Petroleum Engineering conferences, and concluded that the super-giant Ghawar field would soon enter a period of decline.
For example, it thinks that the oil and gas companies in Aberdeen could sell a lot more of their offshore-engineering products and services if they shared more information and tackled common technological problems together.
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The family business Charles inherited consisted of an engineering firm, part-interest in a Minnesota refinery, a crude-oil-gathering pipeline in Oklahoma and some cattle ranches.
As they report in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, the researchers found that several pestilential organisms were affected by the oil.
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Honda's engineering obsessions have the Japanese company better prepared than perhaps any other automaker for high oil prices and roiled energy markets.
The company's shares trade in lockstep with the price of oil and at a discount to more well-rounded (but less profitable) competitors Jacobs Engineering and Fluor.
Iraj Ershaghi, director of petroleum engineering at the University of Southern California, says only about a third of Los Angeles' available oil has been recovered.
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