The uprisings in oil-producing countries have not gone away, and indeed have become more violent.
Saudi Arabia is one of the few oil-producing countries not pumping at full volume.
But vast differences remain in the region, as oil-producing countries tend to have low unemployment rates.
But we are in touch with the IEA and oil-producing countries about the developments in the market.
Savings in emerging markets and oil-producing countries have risen over that period, but not enough to reverse the trend.
Meanwhile, events in two large oil-producing countries are feeding speculation in futures markets.
This has spurred rising consumption in many oil-producing countries, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Nigeria, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela, and Kuwait.
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Like previous booms, the current one has transferred unimaginable wealth from oil-importing to oil-producing countries, and from consumers to oil companies.
Higher energy demand and rising oil prices boosted oil-producing countries, while the continuing surge in high-tech demand benefited Asia and North America.
If oil-producing countries save much of their windfall, world demand will shrink.
The spending of petrodollars also helps the dollar less than the euro, because oil-producing countries tend to import more from Europe than America.
Concerned that the rebound may derail vulnerable recoveries, leaders of some oil-producing countries promised to increase supply at a conference on January 24th.
That is until the last few days, when the turmoil in Egypt spread to oil-producing countries and caused a sharp spike-up in oil prices.
It did stumble a bit this week, spooked by the spike-up in oil prices created by the spreading unrest in oil-producing countries, notably Libya.
In 1960, representatives of oil-producing countries finished a meeting in Baghdad which led to the formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Many oil-producing countries (including Saudi Arabia) have pledged to cut subsidies.
They point out that Western governments place huge taxes on oil and therefore most of the money goes to Western governments rather than oil-producing countries in the Middle East.
Meanwhile, we are in discussions with oil-producing countries, as well as the IEA, about the various options that are available in the global system to deal with a major disruption, should that occur.
Uncertainties created by political uprisings in oil-producing countries.
After resistance from oil-producing countries led by Venezuela, from America, and from poor countries worried by costs, the final text includes no targets for the use of renewable energy sources such as wind, sunlight and waves.
He is looking at a lot of options -- sorry, backing up to your middle question -- this administration has been in regular contact with the IEA as well as oil-producing countries during this time of elevated energy prices.
To the extent that high oil prices played a role in the recessions of the early 1980s and 2008-09, the main reason is that oil-producing countries tend to have a lower marginal propensity to consume their income, denting global demand.
Shale, along with new finds of conventional gas, will allow many more countries to produce their own gas and make available gas for export from a lot more places, many of which are less difficult to deal with than some oil-producing countries.
In a statement issued without the usual summit to precede it, the G7 called on oil-producing countries to increase output in order to dampen oil prices, which have risen since June because of concern about a potential Israeli military strike on Iran.
Likewise, expendable-resource-rich countries, such as the oil-producing nations, might want to build up reserves (and establish sovereign wealth funds) to share their blessings with future generations who may no longer be able to depend on that resource.
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At the beginning of the year the former Saudi oil minister and internationally renown price-hawk, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Yamani, warned that the long-term outlook for oil producing countries was "disturbing".
Many oil analysts expect that oil and commodity prices will remain at elevated levels at least in the short-mid term given political unrest in some oil producing countries and continued economic growth in emerging economies.
Traditional geopolitical relationships would be turned upside down, with such resource-poor and technology-rich countries as Israel and Japan suddenly able to achieve energy self-sufficiency, while the oil-producing dictatorships would finally have to face the consequences of decades of squandered wealth.
Some, especially in oil-producing areas, control bigger budgets than those of national governments in some neighbouring West African countries.
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