Although he doesn't officially take up the reins of office until his inauguration on January 20, 2009, Obama and his economic team -- including nominee Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and nominee Chief of the National Economic Council Larry Summers -- have already outlined an ambitious raft of policy measures designed to kick-start the flagging U.S. economy.
In any event, the fiscal conservatism implied by National's centre-right ideology means that the new government will seek to present most of its policy measures as having a long-term benefit for productivity and competitiveness.
Market expectations have been rising for some form of policy easing measures, such as letting financial firms offer preferential mortgage and down payment rates, though limits on home purchases are likely to remain in effect for some time.
For the next 20 years, using flashy names like Fiscal Structural Reform Act, Emergency Employment Measures and Policy Measures of Economic Rebirth, the government cut taxes, increased spending and borrowed money to finance itself.
Importantly, the market place has at least initially perceived the FOMC statement as suggesting there will not be a fresh round of quantitative monetary policy easing measures coming from the Fed any time soon.
"Euro Area members of the G-20 will take all necessary policy measures to safeguard the integrity and stability of the area, improve the functioning of financial markets and break the feedback loop between sovereigns and banks, " they said.
The growing weight of the stockmarket certainly suggests that conventional measures of the tightness of monetary policy may be misleading.
British officials also have memories of being tricked over opt-outs: in the mid-1990s they secured an exemption from the social chapter, a shopping list of labour and social-policy measures.
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Each of these policies would help to raise short-term interest rates and limit the growth of broad measures of money and credit, thereby tightening monetary policy.
The Bank of Japan announced more monetary policy stimulus measures Tuesday, but the move was expected by the market place and Asian markets were little moved.
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In Asia, most markets edged lower, although Japan's Nikkei Stock Average bucked the trend, surging 3% ahead of a policy announcement by the Bank of Japan on Thursday where additional easing measures are expected to be announced.
"German resistance to direct and indirect policy measures on the part of the ECB to lower Spanish and Italian bond yields has risen over the past several months, " he said.
That said, today's banking White Paper from the Treasury, which translates Vickers into firm policy, contains all sorts of other measures to limit the exposure of taxpayers to our banks - such as ring-fencing retail operations, so-called resolution procedures for breaking up banks in a crisis, and forcing banks to hold more debt able to absorb the losses that are generated when things go horribly wrong.
The Programme aims to provide Parties with a network of experts on the cultural and creative industries in Africa, who can support their ongoing efforts to effectively implement the 2005 Convention through targeted policy measures that foster the development of the cultural and creative industries at the national as well as the regional levels.
Our earlier use of this policy approach had little effect on the amount of currency in circulation or on other broad measures of the money supply, such as bank deposits.
The report includes a comprehensive list of measures the organization considers admirable as well as policy suggestions for 2013, including sentencing reform, limiting the use of incarceration as a sentencing option, restricting punishments for prior convictions, and eliminating juvenile life without parole.
These policy measures include strategies for better addressing the need of TVET teachers and instructors.
This will require further measures beyond the current zero interest rate policy of the Bank of Japan.
Education policy needs to aggressively adopt the same kind of risk adjustment measures, if we hope to identify which high schools are truly doing the best job of educating their students and preparing them for the future.
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The UNCTAD says that despite major policy reforms initiated by many of these countries, and supportive measures taken by a number of donors in the areas of aid, debt relief and trade, the economic situation of the LDCs as a whole worsened during the 1980s.
Lindsey Kearton, senior policy officer at the Welsh Consumer Council, is supportive of new measures.
They will engage in social policy dialogue over social protection measures designed for the benefit of the poor, the vulnerable and the excluded.
In short, the FOMC will probably not announce further policy measures today despite the plunge in stocks for fear of pouring fuel on the fire.
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If such allied policy coordination is unachievable, or would diminish the effectiveness of these measures while searching for consensus, the U.S. would be well-advised to proceed unilaterally.
Such also hints the major central banks of the world may want to continue their own aggressive monetary policy easing measures for at least the next several months.
Most of the risk in Brazil stems from political interference in the economy through a myriad of surprise macro measures such as taxation on investment, to monetary policy related to the foreign exchange rate.
He also recommends redistributive policy measures to ensure that growth remains inclusive or generate many of the rich who drive illicit flows.
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More than half of the energy and climate change policy costs in household bills are spent on measures to target the fuel poor and energy efficiency.
Last year the defence ministry adopted a new policy that measures the army's success by the number of guerrilla captures or desertions, rather than the body count.
Moreover, you suggest that monetary policy can be guided by an index that combines conventional measures of consumer prices with an arbitrary measure of inflation in current house transactions.
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