Waghle is also a member of a group of intellectuals trying to encourage cultural contact between India and Pakistan.
In the past, the civil service has been a closed cadre of intellectuals.
This wildlife, however, also includes the swarms of intellectuals and politicians who descend each January for the so-called Renaissance weekends.
Crown Prince Abdullah, the country's acting ruler, was last month host to a forum of intellectuals who produced a broad blueprint for reform.
Indeed, calligraphy is no longer the basic tool of intellectuals and officials but has become the preserve of professional artisans and amateur enthusiasts.
That these recommendations are completely contradicted by the results of their own research reveals the ability of intellectuals to perpetuate the self-delusion that they are smarter than markets.
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And he attracted a brilliant group of intellectuals to the conservative cause, including, for a while, such unlikely people as Garry Wills and Joan Didion, both (now) liberal writers.
By the time Mr Reagan was campaigning for president in 1980, the Republican Party had taken over many of Mr Wallace's populist themes: distrust of Washington, of bureaucrats, of intellectuals.
Compassionate conservatism is the brainchild of a small coterie of intellectuals, including Myron Magnet, a spectacularly sideburned scholar at the Manhattan Institute, and Marvin Olasky, a former Marxist turned evangelical Christian.
Large numbers of intellectuals and commentators, uneasy at the consequences of a victory whose causes they had never properly understood, sought to submerge America and the West in a new, muddled multilateralism.
However, it is also true that laissez-faire capitalism of the late 19th century developed many unfortunate characteristics, that became so acute that several generations of intellectuals and national leaders sought ways to deal with them.
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As a group of intellectuals claiming to support liberal, democratic norms, Kifaya has been upheld as a model of what the future of Egypt could look like if liberal forces are given the freedom to lead.
When Mr Mubarak met a group of intellectuals this week, he listened to their passionate talk about the need to confront the West but replied that Egyptians had to recognise their weaknesses and put national interests first.
Abou El Fadl is part of an international movement of Muslim intellectuals who oppose the extremism of the Wahhabis.
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Thus, the Kirchner era has been defined by a number of supporting intellectuals in Argentina as a new era of recovery of new spaces and new discourse.
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Indeed, one frequent criticism of the Kosovars, and of their intellectuals, is that, especially last year, they hugely over-estimated the strength of the Kosovo Liberation Army, praised it to the skies (in newspapers such as Koha Ditore, among others) and puffed it up when it was nowhere near ready to take on the Serbs.
The gold standard is a fully contemporary prescription, celebrated by scores of public intellectuals.
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However, if we carefully analyze what guides the viewpoint of these intellectuals the story is hair-rising.
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The rising generation of policy intellectuals regards a reputation for neoconservatism as professional death.
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And, as someone who proposed policy rather than administered it, Kennan was susceptible to the standard fate of policy intellectuals.
The president will make a speech at the London School of Economics entitled 'Of public intellectuals, universities and a democratic crisis'.
Habibie, who also heads the influential Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI).
And now a new proposal, from a broad group of Palestinian intellectuals, politicians and business people, could drive a wedge between the two.
After that, Suharto sought to elevate the Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) as a vehicle to raise civilian influence while diminishing the military's.
But to give a sense of how broad the attitudes of Muslim intellectuals are toward science and their own tradition, two figures Guessoum discusses are briefly worth noting.
The top tier of public intellectuals has come to speak mainly through upmarket news media such as the New York Times, Foreign Affairs, the New York Review of Books and the BBC.
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The Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals, better known by the initials ICMI, which he chairs, expected their members to get seats in the cabinet, as Habibie favorites did in the previous one.
Influenced by the writings of Fernand Braudel and Immanuel Wallerstein (historians who helped establish a tradition of global comparative history), large numbers of Japanese intellectuals are beginning to realise that a global economic system existed in the areas around the Indian Ocean, the Arabic Sea, the South China Sea, and the East China Sea long before the westernisation of the world.
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