Your surgeon inserts the tool into the eye's drainage canal through a small incision at the edge of the cornea and removes the small section of trabecular meshwork.
Some procedures replace only a few thin layers of the cornea, while others replace the entire cornea.
For Fuchs' dystrophy, an increasingly common procedure replaces only the deep layers of the cornea, including the endothelium.
Many are needed because of keratoconus, a disorder of the shape of the cornea, or corneal disease, often caused by cataract surgery.
"If there is only a problem in its inner layer, it may be possible to replace just that part of the cornea, leaving the patient's normal and healthy tissue in place, " said Mr Muhtaseb, a Singleton-based consultant ophthalmologist.
When a beam of light is focused by the cornea and the lens, at the front of the eye, on to the retina, at the back, it stimulates photosensitive cells known as rods and cones.
Professor Joe Sedat says that even though the radiation dose may be low, it may be intense where it hits certain parts of the body like the cornea, the testicles or the skin.
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When the suits are heard, expect a parade of experts to testify that an improper lens can scar the cornea and lead to vision problems.
Also, at fifteen, McDowell's head may have been a bit smaller resulting in less damage during the shooting of the head clamp scene - he was temporarily blinded after scratching a cornea during the filming.
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When the suits are heard, a parade of experts can be expected to testify that an improper lens can painfully scar the cornea and potentially lead to vision problems and even partial blindness.
And the transplantation of foreign tissue could provoke an immune response from the body which could reject the new cornea.
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