This session focused on the multiple stressors that are affecting the health of the oceans of ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, which are occurring as a result of climate change.
Two severe coral bleaching events in 1998 and 2002 due to ocean warming also had "major detrimental impacts" on the central and northern parts of the reef, the study found, putting the impact at 10%.
It was noted that we must substantially reduce our CO2 emissions, as ocean acidification is mainly caused by CO2, and that other greenhouse gases must also be limited as they all contribute to ocean warming and hence deoxygenation.
Another warming ocean event that scientists are studying closely is the migration of king crabs.
The same problems of ocean acidification and warming threaten reefs everywhere.
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Consequently, researchers don't yet know exactly how much of the ice-sheet melt is caused by a warming atmosphere and how much by a warming ocean.
But other contributing factors to their include coastal development, egg poaching, ocean pollution and global warming.
Current estimates suggest 30% of coral reefs will be endangered by 2050, says O'Dor, because of the effects of ocean acidification and global warming.
Currents estimates suggest 30% of coral reefs will be endangered by 2050, says O'Dor, because of the effects of ocean acidification and global warming.
Besides supporting scientific research, Tara Oceans and UNESCO-IOC will work together to promote ocean education and public awareness on the crucial role our ocean play in global warming and to encourage sustainable management of the environment.
One new element that will be included in the report will be the impact of climate change, with information on warming seas and ocean acidification.
There is no threat from El Nino, an abnormal warming of surface ocean waters which disrupted even distribution of last year's monsoon rainfall, the official told The Wall Street Journal.
Weather officials said they are hopeful for normal rains as there is no threat of El Nino, an abnormal warming of surface ocean waters that disrupted even distribution of last year's monsoon rainfall.
The best hope lies in trying to identify the broader changes under way - for example with the retreat of the Arctic sea-ice or the cycle of warming in the Pacific Ocean with El Nino and La Nina.
When that ice melts, huge expanses of darker, open ocean water absorb the heat instead, warming things up.
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At first the current stall out of global warming was due to the ocean cycles turning back to cold.
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That, in turn, results in an increased absorption of solar radiation by the darker ocean surface, which also contributes to warming.
"Ice shelves are sensitive to atmospheric warming and to changes in ocean currents and temperatures, " Helmut Rott from the University of Innsbruck said in an statement from the space agency.
But, even a tiny warming of the huge Southern Ocean must increase the amount of moisture in the air around Antarctica which can only result in more clouds and snow over the continent.
Excess carbon dioxide is accelerating global warming, sea level rise, ocean acidification and overall climate change.
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This ocean acidification theory is very convenient for global warming alarmists because it allows them to claim a major global warming-related crisis even when global temperatures fail to rapidly rise or rise in a manner that does not produce temperature-related crises.
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Ocean absorption of surplus carbon dioxide released by global warming causes acidification that jeopardizes plankton and, consequently, the entire food chain, not to mention the consequences of overfishing and pollution.
But the true meaning of the Anthropocene is that we have affected nearly every aspect of our environment from a warming atmosphere to the bottom of an acidifying ocean.
And the Western Indian Ocean is a region which has warmed up steadily with global warming.
As Hurricane Irene hammers the Eastern Seaboard, the battles over the link between global warming and more frequent and ferocious hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean has resurfaced in the blogosphere.
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The warming of high-latitude North America and the adjacent Arctic Ocean is the largest of any on the planet.
Some, including Dr Riebesell, suspect that these physical and chemical effects of warming may prove a greater driver of productivity change in the ocean than altered pH.
Antarctica is surrounded by a very cold and turbulent ocean, whose massive thermal capacity (compared to land) drastically reduces warming, compared to what we see in our hemisphere.
We believe that all small states of the Caribbean, Indian Ocean and South Pacific can now make some concrete provision against natural disaster to which global warming may sadly make them even more vulnerable.
The forecasters base their prediction on the cooling of the Atlantic Ocean over the past several months and the increased chances of an El Nino, or warming of Pacific waters, over this year's hurricane season.
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