But the change shows that large-scale smart-grid initiatives may be much more costly than previously expected, and likely means that a smaller number of initiatives grab larger chunks of funding, says DOE spokeswoman Jen Stutman.

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Studies published that year showed that whole groups of the SNPs are passed from parent to child in big chunks of DNA. By 2005 an international team had mapped the locations of these chunks, effectively cutting the number of SNPs researchers needed for gene studies to around 300, 000 or so.

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"Even if you have a small number of people sharing MP3 files they are burning chunks of bandwidth all the time, " he said.

BBC: Net software keeps tabs on staff