We counted the number of times we saw a copy of a gene in normal tissue and then in the diseased one, says David Searls, SmithKlines director of bioinformatics.
"We're already using the fact that 5t4 is found in cancer cells, but not in normal tissue, to design immunotherapy against it and are testing two such systems in clinical trials, " said Professor Stern.
Since the protein needed to transform 5-fluorocytosine could only be churned out by souped-up stem cells, only the gliomas were exposed to the poison, killing them but sparing normal tissue, which the stem cells ignored.
And Pegasys is the only product in its class approved for use in patients who already have cirrhosis of the liver, meaning that nonfunctioning scar tissue has replaced normal liver tissue.
"If there is only a problem in its inner layer, it may be possible to replace just that part of the cornea, leaving the patient's normal and healthy tissue in place, " said Mr Muhtaseb, a Singleton-based consultant ophthalmologist.
Tissue cells, instead of performing the normal self-repair of damaged tissue, begin laying down excessive layers of collagen to help build a scar.
In tests on normal oesophagus and stomach tissue, GCC was not present.
Over time, therefore, implants made of NanOss should be incorporated seamlessly into the once-damaged tissue, and become indistinguishable from normal, living bone.
In Peyronie's disease, problems in the normal wound-healing process result in permanent scar tissue.
Breasts reconstructed with the patient's tissue are softer and will age like a normal breast.
One experiment measured the brain structure of pathological liars, and compared it to normal controls more specifically, the ratio of gray matter (the neural tissue that makes up the bulk of our brains) to white matter (the wiring that connects those brain cells).
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