After the non-voluntary changes for Arthur Andersen clients, most of the rest were fraught with conflict and controversy.
Pope Benedict's own (admittedly non-voluntary) war-time membership of the Hitler Youth has hardly helped to convince sceptical Jews that the Catholic church is sincere in its efforts to mend fences.
ECONOMIST: The pope reaches Israel in his tour of the Middle East
So, if you think that Britain (or Sweden or Denmark, the other voluntary non-members, see article) should join now, or soon, then Britain should actually have joined right from the start.
Overseas visits: 9-11 September 2008, to Paris to attend the French Coalition Against Malaria Forum in my capacity as voluntary non-executive Chairman of the Malaria Consortium and Chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases.
My travel, accommodation and associated costs were met by the Malaria Consortium. (Registered 8 October 2008) 14-25 September 2008, to Nigeria, Uganda and Southern Sudan to visit Malaria Consortium Projects in my capacity as voluntary non-executive Chairman of the Malaria Consortium and Chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases.
The FDA has asked for voluntary, non-binding principals for antibiotic use to be adopted by the livestock industry.
Manufacturing firms recorded both redundancies and the non-replacement of voluntary leavers over the month, although the overall rate of job losses was said to be "marginal".
The city has the greatest number of teams (about 400), all non-paid and voluntary, and the most races (more than 20 a year) in the world per square metre.
In the congressional debate over cybersecurity legislation, the Chamber of Commerce has argued for a voluntary, non-regulatory approach to cybersecurity that would encourage more cooperation and information-sharing between government and business.
They will also endorse a high level declaration of principles around open government, which is voluntary and non-binding, and will express our commitment to exemplifying best practice on transparency, accountability and civic engagement.
FORBES: Open Government Partnership: An Interview with Maria Otero, Under Secretary of State
It is also seeking voluntary redundancies from non-clinical staff.
Many U.S. embassies and consulates are closed in around the world while others are on "authorized departure, " which means the State Department will allow and pay for the departure of family members and non-emergency personnel at a particular post on a voluntary basis.
Mr House said the first priority in closing the budget gap would be to look at non-staff costs first, and then they would consider voluntary redundancy.
Nothing in this section shall preclude the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or other Federal law enforcement agencies, from continuing to use authorized, non-coercive techniques of interrogation that are designed to elicit voluntary statements and do not involve the use of force, threats, or promises.
WHITEHOUSE: Executive Order 13491 -- Ensuring Lawful Interrogations
But the association's voluntary aspect, along with the fact that it cannot impose sanctions for non-compliance like other international blocs such as the UN and EU, have led to criticisms that it lacks bite.
BBC: Commonwealth of Nations: 'The club of the 21st Century'
The non-profit U.S. Pharmacopeia, an industry-backed board, created voluntary standards for compounding pharmacies to follow.
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