Professor Cnattingius said the caffeine risk was confined to non-smokers but said smoking was itself a risk factor and may have concealed the caffeine related risk.

BBC: Coffee 'increases miscarriage risk'

Permitting the non-disclosure of a pivotal risk factor, such as a genetic-test result, would undermine one of the fundamentals of insurance.

ECONOMIST: Testing times | The

There is strong scientific evidence that excess body fat is a risk factor for cancer, as well as other non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

BBC: Vending machines 'undermine' hospitals' good work'