That they do seem to add significant value will come as a relief to charities: it could well have turned out that they added no value or even that their costs outweighed their benefits.

ECONOMIST: Charities

Little or no additional value is added.

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"Parents find the tables interesting and use them and there is no doubt that putting value-added indicators on is better, but they still don't tell the whole story about what a school is like, " she said.

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First, although charities seem to add significant value at current levels of funding, there is no guarantee that any extra money will produce similar amounts of added value.

ECONOMIST: Charities

But for now they see little or no financial return from their current smartphone map apps beyond the value added to their brands.

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The manifesto confirms its ambitions on tax: for a lower 10p starting rate of income tax, for a cut from 8% to 5% in value-added tax on fuel, and for no increase in the 23p basic rate nor the 40p higher rate of income tax.

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It argues that using performance measures, such as Ofsted inspections and comparing schools' value-added results in English and maths, there is "no correlation at all between spending and outcomes".

BBC: School budget cuts 'no harm to standards'

Accordingly, a slate of torrent portals like Vodo offers consumers media choices that include outright ownership, no-DRM formats that are transferable to mobile devices, zero pricing, added-value bundles and in some cases rudimentary social discovery environments.

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While there are no universal personal brand metrics yet, these are still becoming factors whereby companies can show the added value they provide to their customers, and partners.

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The use of licensing transactions with value-added resellers to inappropriately accelerate revenue recognition, or worse, create revenue where no end-user customer existed at the time of sale.

FORBES: Connect

For those retirees, it will require a more actively managed and value-added approach to their portfolios, including investments in the stock market, even then with no guarantees of success.

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