Fernando Alonso was only ninth fastest and Monaco winner Jarno Trulli failed to complete his lap because of problems with the electronics in his steering wheel, which affected the gearbox.
Reigning world champion Sebastian Vettel also adopted the same tire strategy but didn't complete a timed lap in Q3 to end up one place behind Button in ninth.
They'd arrived at the stadium wanting an opening-day triumph and a ninth closed out by the elegant Mariano Rivera, now 43 and embarked upon his farewell lap.