Dr Chalfie realised that if the GFP gene could be spliced into a chromosome next to the gene for a protein of interest, it would be controlled by the same genetic switch as that protein.

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Illumina, Applied Biosystems and Helicos Biosciences are among the other players making or developing next-generation gene sequencers.

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When a drug company feels reasonably confident that it has a gene target, the next stage is to use that gene to manufacture the corresponding protein en masse.

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Francis Collins, who heads the gene-hunting effort at the National Institutes of Health, predicts "an avalanche" of new disease-gene findings in the next year.

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Among them is 27-year-old Mark Zuckerberg, a founder of Facebook, proof that America's giving gene has passed to the next generation.

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Two developed the disease because IL2RG inserted itself into the cellular genome next to a known cancer-causing gene and activated it, but the cause of the third cancer case had not been found.

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The gene sequencing revealed that even samples next to each other in the tumour were not identical.

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In a note to investors Monday, Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster said the company will roll out cheaper Macs next year and a broad line of iPhones as well.

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In the early 1990s, gene therapy was hyped by researchers and the media as the next big thing in medicine.

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The next question was whether a new drug, rather than a crash diet, could activate the sir2 gene.

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