But when coupled with the partnering relationship, early business involvement has a force multiplying effect leading to business buy-in.

FORBES: Risk Assessments: The Most Important Effort You're Doing All Wrong

The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect.

ECONOMIST: Class

That makes sense since they are the two largest purchases consumers make, usually with most of the purchase price financed, significantly multiplying the economic effect of the cash down payment, while increased home construction and auto production results in significant new business for the long stream of suppliers to those industries.

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The fashion for flattening hierarchies has had the paradoxical effect of multiplying meaningless job titles.

ECONOMIST: Inflation in job titles is approaching Weimar levels