Next, the researchers compared the viscosity of tree-frog mucus with that of water.
Polyps are abnormal tissue growths of the mucus membrane that are frequently identified as precursors of cancer.
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They spiked droplets of human mucus with live flu virus, and then exposed it to air with varying levels of moisture.
These cause all the features of asthma, including swelling and narrowing of the bronchi and secretion of thick mucus which make it difficult for patients to breathe.
It sounds like you're describing tonsillar stones (also called tonsilloliths), which are clumps of food particles, mucus, dead tissue cells and more that can collect in the crypts found on the surface of the tonsils.
When inflammation from allergies or infections swells the lining of the sinuses, the mucus builds up behind the blocked ostia, resulting in pressure and pain.
Professor Viney was helped in his work by a sixteen year old high school student, Mairi Struthers of Wishaw, who collected mucus from land snails housed at Edinburgh Zoo.
They calculated the force in question from the contact area of the toe, and found that toe pads were still sticky two minutes after the sliding had stopped, long after the point when, according to their estimate of its viscosity, all the mucus would have drained away.
The extent of the delay indicated the viscosity of the fluid, and toe-pad mucus was found to be little more than one-and-a-half times as viscous as water.
Each is lined with tissue called the mucosa, which secretes mucus continuously along hairy cells called cilia and out a tiny passageway called an ostium, through which the mucus drains into the nasal cavity and down the back of the throat, where it is swallowed (unless you blow your nose).
They figured out the flu kept its virulent characteristics best in human mucus, which Dr. Marr took from the dripping nose of her 1-month-old baby.
The lining of the airways becomes inflamed and starts to swell and mucus or phlegm can be produced.
Because her donor lungs are free of the CF gene, they do not fill with sticky mucus.
They found that the mucus film was typically less than 35 nanometres thick (a nanometre is a millionth of a millimetre).
Dr Federle and his colleagues argue that the complex arrangement of pegs and channels around the hexagonal cells has evolved to drain the mucus rapidly away from the toe pads, allowing the tree frog to grip.
When the balloon is inflated, the fragile bones of the passageways are permanently moved aside a millimeter or so to open up air and mucus flow.
When something irritates the airways of a patient with asthma, the airways become tightened, inflamed and produce too much sticky mucus.
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