Biodegradable plastic is then poured into the mould to make enough slices that can be sandwiched together using pressure and heat, to create a scaffold for a whole liver.

BBC: Artificial liver 'could be grown'

Often, in the case of jaw or face plates, the only way to make the mould is to take a plaster cast of the outside of the patient's head, says Dr Richards.

ECONOMIST: MONITOR

This model is then "sliced up" on the computer into horizontal layers, which can be used to make a silicon mould.

BBC: Artificial liver 'could be grown'

Just as a mould can be used to make a copy of a three-dimensional object, Dr Sharpless proposes to use biological targets as templates to guide the formation of their own perfect drugs.

ECONOMIST: MONITOR

Then we afterwards do mould design, where we design the moulds that are going to make the elements afterwards.

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"The budget is going to make things significantly worse for people who are already stretched, " Mould says.

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