To most Poles, Stalin's Soviet Union was first a co-conspirator with Hitler's Germany, and then a murderous occupying power.
He is seen by most Poles as the puppet-master of a struggling government.
Like their church, most Poles are becoming more socially liberal while remaining Catholic.
Most Poles hugely resent such claims, and Prime Minister Belka said after the cabinet meeting such demands were "utterly inconceivable".
So when he rushed back from a Spanish holiday all tanned and wide-eyed to become prime minister, most Poles were cautiously hopeful.
Most Poles still look west with admiration, albeit tinged with economic suspicion.
Never mind that most Poles are now better off and healthier than they were when the iron curtain came down (see table 7).
Most Poles concede that painful reforms are needed and that Mr Buzek's government had a strong mandate for them at the ballot box.
Most Poles now think that capitalism has made them better off.
If Lech wins, however, Jaroslaw would find it difficult to be prime minister, since most Poles are queasy about the idea of identical twins holding the country's two top jobs.
Now I would say (and I would hesitate to guess that most Poles would agree) that 2012 Poland is a much healthier, wealthier, more democratic, and generally better place than it was in 1990.
The prospect that Mr Putin could oversee a more thorough-going union between Russia and Belarus, on Poland's eastern border, sends a few Polish pulses racing, though a lot of Poles also think it would be good if Russia's new president were to cut Belarus's eccentric leader, Alexander Lukashenka, whom most Poles despise, down to size.
And surveys suggest that Poles in most age groups have become steadily more satisfied with life over the past ten years even as they have become increasingly disenchanted with their governments.
One of the most important inputs to the production of broadband networks is rights of way permission to dig up public streets and attach cables to public utility poles which in most cases are under the control of local governments.
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One of the most awful things was the use of scaffolding poles against police.
Hundreds of thousands of Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and Poles were dispatched to the Gulag (most during the same timeframe as the Chechen deportation), and countries as varied as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria were crushed beneath the Soviet jackboot for decades.
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Scattered across a 125-mile network of well-marked trails managed by the local not-for-profit Methow Valley Sport Trails Association lie aspen groves, isolated ranches, foraging mule deer, and enough slippery descents to make even the most experienced powder hounds grip tightly to their ski poles.
From the earth's poles to the tropics, from the oceans to the planet's most fertile farming regions, global warming could present daunting challenges.
Judging by the most recent scorecard issued by Transparency International, an independent watchdog based in Berlin, the Poles are less corrupt than the Czechs and Latvians but more than the Hungarians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Slovenes and even Belarussians.
Ken Caldeira of Stanford University, another of the authors, reckons that it may be feasible to place sulphates in the stratosphere near the poles and thus cool the Earth in a place where global warming manifests itself most strongly, though that would scarcely please the Russians and the Canadians.
In this part of the U.S., like most of the country, all the power lines are above ground, strung between flimsy wooden poles, exactly as they were over 100 years ago.
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