According to Mossman, one of the main problems in the wholesale fuel industry is the lack of transparency, which creates imperfect markets because of hugely asymmetrical information.
Load shifting is a type of arbitrage based on the fact that it takes about 24 hours for changes on spot prices at the NYMEX to feed into gasoline prices at the wholesale level, according to Mossman.
At the University of Sheffield, where Mossman did his doctoral studies, he and his co-authors measured the heads, midpieces, and flagella of 30 sperm per man, from 103 men randomly selected from a pool of about 500 who were recruited for a larger fertility study.