With EUropean Union pressures to reduce its monopoly hold on the Italian gas market, Eni will have to increase its sales elsewhere to get rid of all that Russian gas.
There is no reason why the state should be paying salaries for people who have not shown up to work in decades or be hostage to a taxi union keen on maintaining their monopoly at the expense of tourism, which comprises almost the whole Greek export sector.
The European Union's strong stance on monopoly abuses now has more credibility than ever in the eyes of the law.
Perhaps the most spectacular failure of the United States was in misjudging how soon the former Soviet Union ended America's nuclear monopoly in August 1949 by testing its own atomic weapon.
But these companies lack the best incentive to raise their production, or develop new fields in inaccessible places: the right to export gas beyond the former Soviet Union (which is a Gazprom monopoly).
After the Soviet Union broke America's atomic monopoly in 1949, several prominent scientists and politicians favoured the development of the hydrogen bomb, a fusion weapon hundreds of times more powerful than the bombs that the Manhattan Project had built.
They cover a broad range: from the teachers' union to Pemex, the state oil monopoly, and Telmex, a private telecoms near-monopoly.
Russia wants a monopoly on the use of force in the former Soviet Union.
It is, quite simply, nearly impossible for workers to get rid of a union once it has been certified as their monopoly bargaining representative.
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All in all, the European Union's target of breaking Russia's monopoly on traffic to and from Central Asia seems to be in sight.
The European Union wants negotiations about rules on how foreign investors can be treated, about anti-monopoly policy and about the relationship between trade and the environment.
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