Since advertising requires tremendous monetary investment and publicity requires only time investment (and sometimes minor costs), the latter is clearly preferable.
In one of her previous studies she found people playing a two-person monetary investment game over the internet while viewing a picture of the "second player" were more likely to trust this player if the picture was digitally morphed to resemble them.
But monetary manipulation distorts EVERY investment, because every investment is priced in money.
Monetary easing and infrastructure investment, financed primarily by loans from state-owned banks, helped keep real GDP growing by more than 9 percent in 2009 and more than 10 percent in 2010, while the United States, Europe, and Japan languished.
Since then, the true Keynesian believer Bernanke, with the full support of President Obama, has continued his seat of the pants discretionary monetary policies guided by the Bernanke standard, which has prevented real recovery through lack of a stable monetary environment to promote investment.
It is not foolish, however, to delve into previous history and monetary principles in the search for an investment strategy most suited to these present times of monetary chaos.
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Indeed, investment is on its own very risky, and when monetary authorities are devaluing our money, investment brings with it even greater risks for obvious reasons.
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Adam Smith warned us about stationary and backwards economies repelling investment, and monetary debasement leads to just that as investors essentially go on strike.
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Gold is an August monetary asset but an undependable investment.
Their forecast is 3.5% growth in 2013 for the Brazilian economy, given the low base of comparison, more benign international environment and the lagged effects of monetary and fiscal stimuli on investment growth.
Most of the risk in Brazil stems from political interference in the economy through a myriad of surprise macro measures such as taxation on investment, to monetary policy related to the foreign exchange rate.
Back then, inflation measures like CPI were better geared to pick up on the monetary error that was smothering investment and growth, but today those same numbers have been reworked to obscure what is very much an inflationary age.
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The better October flash PMI and September data paint a consistent picture of a likely further pickup in economic activity on the back of more accommodative monetary conditions, increasing infrastructure investment, recovering property market activity in second and third tier level cities and improving external demand, mainly in Asia and emerging markets.
The recession stemmed from inflationary monetary policies which spurred over-investment in residential real estate.
So Mr Cavallo is trying to combine fiscal orthodoxy with looser monetary policy and a bundle of investment incentives.
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But certainly one big topic of conversation has been soft dollars--the monetary value of the research that investment banks provide to clients in return for trading order flow--which the SEC has been studying.
That has prompted Beijing to focus more on growth, easing monetary policy and approving a number of investment projects.
Investors concerned about the effects of aggressive monetary easing by central bankers have been flocking into Bitcoins and precious metals the two investment vehicles are seen as alternatives to traditional currencies that are undermined by monetary easing.
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"Both the US and Japanese stock markets are seen requesting a cut in interest rates to their monetary authorities, " said Hiroyuki Nakai, investment research manager at Tokai Tokyo Securities.
What it did comprise, in summary, was fiscal and monetary discipline, opening up to foreign trade and investment, and large-scale privatisation and deregulation.
With Cairo's nascent stockmarket enduring a prolonged slump, and the central bank accused of responding clumsily to monetary pressures, the mood at a recent Cairo investment conference was unusually sombre.
Restrictions on prices and production, perverse monetary, fiscal and trade policies, disincentives to foreign investment, and bloated public sectors prevented Third World peoples from advancing their lives.
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Because it is U.S. policy to welcome foreign investment, expect the president to encourage Kuwait, Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia to develop a set of best investment practices under the guise of the International Monetary Fund.
Tighter monetary policy -- by restraining consumer spending and business investment -- would have made it more likely that the economic downturn would be even more severe, which would result in even greater uncertainty about asset values.
Instead, the Swiss National Bank is very cruelly devaluing the Swiss franc, and in doing so it is devaluing the income streams of all Swiss companies, all Swiss workers whose paychecks will increasingly buy less, plus its monetary machinations will serve as a repellent to the very investment that drives all economic activity.
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When money is losing value, profits and investment are necessarily distorted, given the impact of monetary debasement on certain goods.
Monetary policy was loosened, shares bounced back, and consumption and investment were unscathed.
But, in general terms, all three countries are doing what they are told drafting bankruptcy and foreclosure laws, liberalising investment regimes, privatising state assets, and following tight monetary policies.
But really, you personally have no way of holding them accountable, and as such, you should look at your monetary contribution as a donation to a cause, not a true investment in the business.
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Philip Shaw, chief economist at the investment bank Investec, said the Bank of England's monetary policy decisions were getting more difficult to predict.
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