Like many drugs, tofisapam is a combination of left-handed and right-handed versions of the same molecular chain.

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Blocking substance P triggers a molecular chain reaction that boosts levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, apparently much more selectively than Prozac does.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

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They do so by starting chain-reactions that result in the addition and subtraction of molecular sub-units known as phosphate groups from particular proteins in the nerve cell being stimulated.

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