After his famous "burning platform" memo, he opted to abandon the Symbian operating system, and choose Windows Phone rather than Android as the lifeboat to take Nokia to calmer waters.

BBC: Nokia and Sony - in the recovery room?

Serco said the memo followed the extra step of getting guidance which had been added to the system to stop non-emergency calls being directed to 999.

BBC: Serco Cornwall GP staff told how to meet targets

The memo went out earlier this week as part of an effort to reform the student visa system, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

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In an influential strategy memo he wrote in 1994, Kristol warned of an undertow toward a national health care system and told Republican lawmakers to resist the tide.

NPR: Much at Stake in Defining Social Security 'Crisis'