By the Meiji Restoration in 1868 there were 600 such sento in Tokyo alone.

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The play, performed in February, was about the celebrated samurai Sakamoto Ryoma, a key figure in the 1868 Meiji Restoration.

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Japan has been planning its policy of a third opening of Japan after the Meiji Restoration and the era right after the Pacific war.

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Unlike economic historians of the past, Japanese Braudelians and Wallersteinians claim that Japan's modernisation had proceeded fairly steadily before the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

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What is needed is nothing less than a second Meiji Restoration.

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For 77 years, from the 1868 Meiji Restoration to its 1945 defeat, Japan set and pursued national goals of modernization, industrialization, and entrance into the league of major nations.

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Like the Japanese who fanned out across the world after the 19th-century Meiji Restoration, this modern generation of Chinese entrepreneurs is unashamedly copying ideas and business models wherever they can find them.

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Perry's visit touched off a fierce debate between traditionalists and modernizers that eventually culminated in the Meiji Restoration, in which the shogun was forcibly retired and the royal dynasty restored to power.

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In 1868, samurai from the two remote southern domains of Satsuma and Choshu seized the imperial palace in Kyoto, declared the restoration of the Meiji emperor and brought to a sudden end two-and-a-half centuries of rule by the Tokugawa shogunate.

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