Most drugs on the market today target such receptors: SmithKline Beecham's ulcer medicine Tagamet, and American Home Product's hypertension drug Inderal.
"It's difficult to reach into everyone's medicine cabinet to determine that that product has been controlled and returned or disposed of by the consumer, " he says.
India's patent office rejected the company's patent application, arguing the drug was not a new medicine but an amended version of its earlier product.
Broadening the healthcare product means acknowledging that it takes more than medicine to advance health it also takes food, heat, housing, and other basics without which health radically declines.
George Cotsarelis, professor and chair of dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, is skeptical of product claims.
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In recent years, its fastest-growing product has been a once-a-day HIV drug that combines a Gilead-produced medicine with one made by Bristol-Myers Squibb ( BMY), in an all-in-one treatment that represents a big advantage over the cocktail of individual drugs AIDS patients once were obliged to swallow.
When a drug is likely to cause a severe side effect--say, an increased risk of heart attack, an allergic reaction that causes the skin to burn or liver failure--the standard practice is to warn patients and doctors about the product's labeling, and to send out warning letters to physicians who might prescribe the medicine.
The medicine for these ills is simple to prescribe, but painfully hard to administer: structural reforms to deregulate labour and product markets.
Read Montague, a neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, has demonstrated that subjects' brains register a preference for Coke or Pepsi that correlates with the product they choose in blind taste tests. (His study is not funded by the cola giants.) The brain of "Subject P" on the monitor in the Human Neuroimaging Lab, for instance, shows he is a Pepsi lover.
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