Likewise, more than 60 percent of Nobel Prizes in medicine and physiology awarded since 1948 have gone to Americans.
And more than six of every 10 Nobel Prizes in medicine and physiology awarded since 1948 have gone to Americans.
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Before he won the prize in physiology and medicine, Lee Hartwell co-founded Rosetta Inpharmatics.
Britain won 11 Nobel prizes in chemistry, physics, physiology and medicine in the 1960s, 13 in the 1970s, four in the 1980s and two in the 1990s.
The scientist, who shares this year's Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for describing how one cell divides into two, had given his founder's stock to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, where he has been director since 1997.
The United States has won more Nobel prizes for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and economics since World War II than any other country, by a wide margin (it has been less dominant in literature and peace, two awards that are much more broadly distributed among nations).
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It is given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which since 1901 has been awarding Nobel Prizes for achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for peace.
Crick, along with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins, was given the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
Crick was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine along with James Watson and Maurice Wilkins.
On Monday, the 2012 prize for medicine or physiology was awarded to John Gurdon from the UK and Shinya Yamanaka from Japan for changing adult cells into stem cells, which can become any other type of cell in the body.
On Monday, the 2012 prize for medicine or physiology was awarded to John Gurdon from the UK and Shinya Yamanaka from Japan for changing adult cells into stem cells, and on Tuesday the prize for physics was awarded to Serge Haroche of France and David Wineland of the US for their work in querying single light and matter particles.
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Monday's award of the 2011 prize for physiology or medicine went to Bruce Beutler of the US, Jules Hoffmann from France and Ralph Steinman from Canada for their work on immunology.
"Linda has made a wonderful set of contributions about the specificity of connections and the functional read-out both in the intermediate station and the cerebral cortex, " says Eric Kandel , a university professor at Columbia and senior investigator at HHMI, whose research into the brain earned him a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000.
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