However, potentially one of the most significant advances is the possibility of a vaccine deliverable via a nasal spray rather than requiring injection by a trained medical worker.
The bodybuilder who terrorised 1970s South Central Los Angeles with his "Crips" gang will be strapped to a medical table, and a lethal injection will bring Stanley "Tookie" Williams' 24 years on death row to an end.
He says the medical center at the airport even gave his son a sedative injection before the flight, but Joe was still so upset that the flight crew deemed him unfit to fly.
As of 2009, there were 65 injection facilities in 27 cities in Canada, Australia and western Europe, according to the Canadian Medical Association Journal.