Then one of the entrepreneurs who had worked in a quite high-tech garage remembered a technology for measuring exactly how much fluid got dispensed, and where, in car maintenance.
Epstein commissioned a detailed statistical assessment of the correlation between Pentagon technology spending and various potential drivers in 2005, measuring which factors were most intimately linked with the rise and fall of weapons outlays all the way back to 1955.
This proved key when Johnson began measuring the results of the laptop rollout and discovered that some drivers were actively resisting the technology.
Of course measuring ROI might not always be a positive experience, but you might also realise that the implementation of technology is not delivering the results you expected.
Other competitors in the technology sector include: Rudolph Technologies (RTEC), Nanometrics Incorporated (NANO), and Nova Measuring Instruments (NVMI).