The best measure of excess credit is the difference between the growth rate in bank credit and nominal GDP.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus

One measure is the difference between slaves' wages and those of free workers with the same skills.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus

It may not seem a big difference, but it matters when it's a measure of the whole economy's output.

BBC: Picking up the slack

It says that spending is easier to measure, but the more complex impact of a society's attitude to education can make a big difference.

BBC: UK education sixth in global ranking

Gross profit is the difference between total revenue and cost of goods sold and for many small business owners this measure is intuitive and nothing new.

FORBES: There Is Nothing Gross About Profit