Prof Hodgen also warned that the "critical shortage of mathematics teachers" meant it was "important not to underestimate the timescale necessary for change".
Furthermore, Clavius trained the first generation of mathematics teachers in Rome himself, and then sent them out on the continent to cultivate their own pupils.
FORBES: A Long Forgotten Father of the Scientific Revolution
The most obvious example of this is the set of mathematics standards first put forward in the early 1990s by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
An evaluation of SMASE reveals that students of teachers who underwent SMASE achieved better in science and mathematics than students of other teachers.
Sue Pope of the Association of Teachers of Mathematics, said some schools were doing an excellent job but too much teaching to the test meant that not enough young people were getting "the opportunity to experience the excitement, fascination, joy and beauty of maths".
BBC: Rushed maths leads to 'superficial' learning, report says
Develop training policies for teachers in science subjects, integrating of mathematics, science and technology including the issue of gender and participative learning.
The initiative reinforces an agreement signed earlier this year between UNESCO and GEMS Education to strengthen and promote the advancement of girls in mathematics, science and technology through the training of teachers and school leaders, initially in Lesotho and Kenya.
They hire better-qualified teachers, and more of them, offering higher salaries to lure those with qualifications in difficult subjects such as physics, mathematics and foreign languages, and now have twice as many teachers per pupil as state schools do.
Christine Blower, general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, said all teachers needed strong literacy skills and a good grasp of mathematics.
These included post-degree teaching courses in Mathematics, Science and English, leadership training for school heads and teachers, and other courses under the Malaysian Technical Co-operation Programme, he said during a debate in conjunction with the 184th Unesco executive board session.
In the secondary sector, cuts range from 19% in the case of trainee history teachers to small increases in the number of places for religious education and mathematics.
BBC: NEWS | UK | Education | Teacher training places reduced
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