By creating a mathematical algorithm, the charity hopes to predict whether someone could be a good match using the information gathering in initial testing.

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Therefore, any patent that claims a method of solving a problem by programming a general-purpose computer is, like the patent the high court struck down 40 years ago, effectively a patent on a mathematical algorithm.

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FutureAdvisor says it uses a mathematical optimization algorithm to apply modern portfolio theory principles to each person's portfolio.

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The final score is assigned using an algorithm, or mathematical calculation.

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Adam Cahan, a Yahoo senior vice president, said in an interview on Monday that Mr. D'Aloisio was an "exceptional" talent and that Yahoo did "extensive" testing of Summly's algorithm, or mathematical formula, for condensing news articles.

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On the device side, the power of the devices is staggeringly unbelievable, and then equally amazing on the algorithm side there've been some very clever mathematical shortcuts discovered which lighten the computational load.

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