It was the largest single increase in taxes on trade during peacetime and precipitated massive retaliation by foreign governments on U.S. products.
WSJ: Arthur B. Laffer: Taxes, Depression, and Our Current Troubles
But I am against focusing entirely on offense and on unrealistic and ineffective threats of massive retaliation, either cyber or kinetic, as the foundation of cyber strategy.
FORBES: DOD Cyber Strategy Remains Ambiguous on Threats and Responses
The North has been happy declare itself a nuclear power, he adds, and it frequently threatens neighbouring countries, and the US, with massive retaliation for perceived slights.
When Mr Olmert decided to launch a massive retaliation for a cross-border kidnapping by Hizbullah of two Israeli soldiers, he enjoyed wide support in parliament and in the country.
Rather than the deterrent effect expected from IW (much as the Japanese planners of the surprise attack against Pearl Harbor had hoped), a reckless application of information operations could provoke massive retaliation.
The threat of massive retaliation in the nuclear context only deterred all-out nuclear war, but not the many other conflicts that plagued the latter half of the 20th Century that did not rise to the level of provoking a nuclear response.
FORBES: DOD Cyber Strategy Remains Ambiguous on Threats and Responses
So the question is: Does the United States have any other option short of some sort of massive military retaliation?
With Lebanon's economy poised precariously on the brink of ruin, Hizbullah may not wish to alienate its countrymen by risking massive Israeli retaliation.
In the early 1960s, U.S. nuclear strategists realized that a national strategy entirely reliant upon the threat of massive nuclear retaliation was not credible, that most challenges would not rise to the level of justifying nuclear response and that the Soviets would seek to take advantage of that fact.
FORBES: DOD Cyber Strategy Remains Ambiguous on Threats and Responses
The post-Cold War world is much more complex, the threats are much less clear and in that kind of a situation, the United States feels that in its defense and in the defense of its allies, it has to have more options than just the option of a massive military retaliation.
The threat from countries like North Korea, they argue, can be better dealt with by existing methods: the promise of massive and accurate American retaliation.
Instead David spends 60 hours a week helping run Anonymous Operations, the supposedly elite arm of the troublemaking hacking group called Anonymous that orchestrated a massive computer network attack against MasterCard, Visa and PayPal in November in retaliation for their freezing donor payments to WikiLeaks.
An al Qaeda-linked group that took responsibility for a massive hostage-taking at a natural gas facility in Algeria this month said it did so in retaliation for Algeria allowing France to use its airspace to fight the Islamist militants in Mali.
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